Not as difficult as it sounds
The raw material. Goose wings. Three primary feathers from one wing are required for each arrow
Slice fletching from quill, and reduce quill as small as possible and create a flat surface.
Use sandpaper to smooth quill for good adhesive contact.
Produce three fletches of equal order.
Tie the cock fletch at right angles to the nock in your arrow, and evenly space the other two, then bring all three down the shaft and tape in place. You can add some glue between the quill and shaft and push into place and allow to dry. Then continue the whipping from the rear, through the fletchings to the fore and whip over the protruding quill. Varnish or glue the whipping and trim your fletch to desired shape.
This last image shows the natural "helical" twist of the fletch, which imparts spin to the arrow and can improve accuracy, somewhat akin to rifling.
And here are various finished fletches